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       1                 :            : // Copyright (c) 2015-2022 The Bitcoin Core developers
       2                 :            : // Distributed under the MIT software license, see the accompanying
       3                 :            : // file COPYING or http://www.opensource.org/licenses/mit-license.php.
       4                 :            : 
       5                 :            : #ifndef BITCOIN_SCHEDULER_H
       6                 :            : #define BITCOIN_SCHEDULER_H
       7                 :            : 
       8                 :            : #include <attributes.h>
       9                 :            : #include <sync.h>
      10                 :            : #include <threadsafety.h>
      11                 :            : 
      12                 :            : #include <chrono>
      13                 :            : #include <condition_variable>
      14                 :            : #include <cstddef>
      15                 :            : #include <functional>
      16                 :            : #include <list>
      17                 :            : #include <map>
      18                 :            : #include <thread>
      19                 :            : #include <utility>
      20                 :            : 
      21                 :            : /**
      22                 :            :  * Simple class for background tasks that should be run
      23                 :            :  * periodically or once "after a while"
      24                 :            :  *
      25                 :            :  * Usage:
      26                 :            :  *
      27                 :            :  * CScheduler* s = new CScheduler();
      28                 :            :  * s->scheduleFromNow(doSomething, std::chrono::milliseconds{11}); // Assuming a: void doSomething() { }
      29                 :            :  * s->scheduleFromNow([=] { this->func(argument); }, std::chrono::milliseconds{3});
      30                 :            :  * std::thread* t = new std::thread([&] { s->serviceQueue(); });
      31                 :            :  *
      32                 :            :  * ... then at program shutdown, make sure to call stop() to clean up the thread(s) running serviceQueue:
      33                 :            :  * s->stop();
      34                 :            :  * t->join();
      35                 :            :  * delete t;
      36                 :            :  * delete s; // Must be done after thread is interrupted/joined.
      37                 :            :  */
      38                 :            : class CScheduler
      39                 :            : {
      40                 :            : public:
      41                 :            :     CScheduler();
      42                 :            :     ~CScheduler();
      43                 :            : 
      44                 :            :     std::thread m_service_thread;
      45                 :            : 
      46                 :            :     typedef std::function<void()> Function;
      47                 :            : 
      48                 :            :     /** Call func at/after time t */
      49                 :            :     void schedule(Function f, std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point t) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!newTaskMutex);
      50                 :            : 
      51                 :            :     /** Call f once after the delta has passed */
      52                 :          0 :     void scheduleFromNow(Function f, std::chrono::milliseconds delta) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!newTaskMutex)
      53                 :            :     {
      54   [ #  #  #  # ]:          0 :         schedule(std::move(f), std::chrono::steady_clock::now() + delta);
      55                 :          0 :     }
      56                 :            : 
      57                 :            :     /**
      58                 :            :      * Repeat f until the scheduler is stopped. First run is after delta has passed once.
      59                 :            :      *
      60                 :            :      * The timing is not exact: Every time f is finished, it is rescheduled to run again after delta. If you need more
      61                 :            :      * accurate scheduling, don't use this method.
      62                 :            :      */
      63                 :            :     void scheduleEvery(Function f, std::chrono::milliseconds delta) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!newTaskMutex);
      64                 :            : 
      65                 :            :     /**
      66                 :            :      * Mock the scheduler to fast forward in time.
      67                 :            :      * Iterates through items on taskQueue and reschedules them
      68                 :            :      * to be delta_seconds sooner.
      69                 :            :      */
      70                 :            :     void MockForward(std::chrono::seconds delta_seconds) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!newTaskMutex);
      71                 :            : 
      72                 :            :     /**
      73                 :            :      * Services the queue 'forever'. Should be run in a thread.
      74                 :            :      */
      75                 :            :     void serviceQueue() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!newTaskMutex);
      76                 :            : 
      77                 :            :     /** Tell any threads running serviceQueue to stop as soon as the current task is done */
      78                 :        836 :     void stop() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!newTaskMutex)
      79                 :            :     {
      80                 :       1672 :         WITH_LOCK(newTaskMutex, stopRequested = true);
      81                 :        836 :         newTaskScheduled.notify_all();
      82         [ -  + ]:        836 :         if (m_service_thread.joinable()) m_service_thread.join();
      83                 :        836 :     }
      84                 :            :     /** Tell any threads running serviceQueue to stop when there is no work left to be done */
      85                 :            :     void StopWhenDrained() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!newTaskMutex)
      86                 :            :     {
      87                 :            :         WITH_LOCK(newTaskMutex, stopWhenEmpty = true);
      88                 :            :         newTaskScheduled.notify_all();
      89                 :            :         if (m_service_thread.joinable()) m_service_thread.join();
      90                 :            :     }
      91                 :            : 
      92                 :            :     /**
      93                 :            :      * Returns number of tasks waiting to be serviced,
      94                 :            :      * and first and last task times
      95                 :            :      */
      96                 :            :     size_t getQueueInfo(std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point& first,
      97                 :            :                         std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point& last) const
      98                 :            :         EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!newTaskMutex);
      99                 :            : 
     100                 :            :     /** Returns true if there are threads actively running in serviceQueue() */
     101                 :            :     bool AreThreadsServicingQueue() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!newTaskMutex);
     102                 :            : 
     103                 :            : private:
     104                 :            :     mutable Mutex newTaskMutex;
     105                 :            :     std::condition_variable newTaskScheduled;
     106                 :            :     std::multimap<std::chrono::steady_clock::time_point, Function> taskQueue GUARDED_BY(newTaskMutex);
     107                 :            :     int nThreadsServicingQueue GUARDED_BY(newTaskMutex){0};
     108                 :            :     bool stopRequested GUARDED_BY(newTaskMutex){false};
     109                 :            :     bool stopWhenEmpty GUARDED_BY(newTaskMutex){false};
     110   [ +  +  +  - ]:    1768098 :     bool shouldStop() const EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(newTaskMutex) { return stopRequested || (stopWhenEmpty && taskQueue.empty()); }
     111                 :            : };
     112                 :            : 
     113                 :            : /**
     114                 :            :  * Class used by CScheduler clients which may schedule multiple jobs
     115                 :            :  * which are required to be run serially. Jobs may not be run on the
     116                 :            :  * same thread, but no two jobs will be executed
     117                 :            :  * at the same time and memory will be release-acquire consistent
     118                 :            :  * (the scheduler will internally do an acquire before invoking a callback
     119                 :            :  * as well as a release at the end). In practice this means that a callback
     120                 :            :  * B() will be able to observe all of the effects of callback A() which executed
     121                 :            :  * before it.
     122                 :            :  */
     123                 :            : class SingleThreadedSchedulerClient
     124                 :            : {
     125                 :            : private:
     126                 :            :     CScheduler& m_scheduler;
     127                 :            : 
     128                 :            :     Mutex m_callbacks_mutex;
     129                 :            :     std::list<std::function<void()>> m_callbacks_pending GUARDED_BY(m_callbacks_mutex);
     130                 :        836 :     bool m_are_callbacks_running GUARDED_BY(m_callbacks_mutex) = false;
     131                 :            : 
     132                 :            :     void MaybeScheduleProcessQueue() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_callbacks_mutex);
     133                 :            :     void ProcessQueue() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_callbacks_mutex);
     134                 :            : 
     135                 :            : public:
     136                 :       1672 :     explicit SingleThreadedSchedulerClient(CScheduler& scheduler LIFETIMEBOUND) : m_scheduler{scheduler} {}
     137                 :            : 
     138                 :            :     /**
     139                 :            :      * Add a callback to be executed. Callbacks are executed serially
     140                 :            :      * and memory is release-acquire consistent between callback executions.
     141                 :            :      * Practically, this means that callbacks can behave as if they are executed
     142                 :            :      * in order by a single thread.
     143                 :            :      */
     144                 :            :     void AddToProcessQueue(std::function<void()> func) EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_callbacks_mutex);
     145                 :            : 
     146                 :            :     /**
     147                 :            :      * Processes all remaining queue members on the calling thread, blocking until queue is empty
     148                 :            :      * Must be called after the CScheduler has no remaining processing threads!
     149                 :            :      */
     150                 :            :     void EmptyQueue() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_callbacks_mutex);
     151                 :            : 
     152                 :            :     size_t CallbacksPending() EXCLUSIVE_LOCKS_REQUIRED(!m_callbacks_mutex);
     153                 :            : };
     154                 :            : 
     155                 :            : #endif // BITCOIN_SCHEDULER_H